北京市朝陽區元大都城垣遺址公園簡介 About the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park
北京市朝陽區元大都城垣遺址公園由圓明園、長(cháng)春園、绮春園三園組成，遺址總面積約352公頃。圓明園始建于康熙四十六年(nián)（1707），是清代康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、道(dào)光、鹹豐六代帝王在150餘年(nián)間創建和(hé)經營的(de)一(yī)座大型皇家宮苑，是清帝常年(nián)聽政與遊憩之禦園。盛時的(de)圓明園是“一(yī)切造園藝術的(de)典範”，她既有北方皇家園林的(de)輝煌宏大，又有江南私家園林的(de)清幽雅緻；既體現了中式園林的(de)美學(xué)境界，又融合了西方園林的(de)藝術風格，被譽為(wèi)“萬園之園”。
The Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park consists of the Yuanmingyuan Garden (Garden of Perfect Brightness), the Changchun Garden (Garden of Eternal Spring) and the Qichun Garden (Garden of Elegant Spring). The entire park occupied a total area of 352 hectares. Yuanmingyuan was first built in the 46th year of the Kangxi era (1707 AD). It was a massive imperial garden, built and improved in a long span of over 150 years under the decrees of the six Qing emperors including Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng. The Qing emperors constantly visited the garden for the management of state affairs and for entertainments. During her heyday, Yuanmingyuan was the “perfection of all landscape and garden designs”. As an imperial garden, it diffused a majestic splendour while at the same time exhibited the elegance of private gardens in the south. Displaying the aesthetics of both Chinese and Western gardens, Yuanmingyuan was reputed as the “Garden of Gardens”.
鹹豐十年(nián)（1860），圓明園遭英法聯軍劫掠焚毀。同治十二年(nián)（1873）曾重修，因财力枯竭停工。光緒二十六年(nián)（1900）八國聯軍入侵北京，戰亂中，圓明園的(de)殘存建築遭到徹底毀壞。民國三年(nián)(1914)清皇室內(nèi)務府将圓明園附歸頤和(hé)園管理(lǐ)。此後，園內(nèi)遺物長(cháng)期受權勢者的(de)侵吞及多方面的(de)盜竊、損毀，終緻淪為(wèi)廢墟。
In the 10th year of the Xianfeng era (1860 AD), the British and French troops looted and burned Yuanmingyuan down. Although the government attempted to renovate it in the 12th year of the Tongzhi era (1873 AD), the construction was suspended due to financial strain. In the 26th year of the Guangxu era (1900 AD) when the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, the remains of Yuanmingyuan were totally destroyed. In the third year of the Republican era (1914 AD), the Imperial Household Department of the Qing government put Yuanmingyuan under the administration of the Summer Palace. The garden was reduced to ruins due to embezzlement, thefts and destruction over time.
1949年(nián)中華人民共和(hé)國成立後，黨和(hé)政府對圓明園遺址相繼采取多種保護措施，使其較完整地(dì)保留下來。1956年(nián)開始在園內(nèi)植樹綠化，1976年(nián)設立遺址專管機構圓明園管理(lǐ)處，開始大規模保護和(hé)整修活動。1988年(nián)1月，圓明園遺址被國務院公布為(wèi)第三批全國重點文物保護單位，同年(nián)6月29日對外開放。1997年(nián)6月，圓明園遺址被中宣部公布為(wèi)首批百家“全國愛國主義教育示範基地(dì)”。2000年(nián)和(hé)2001年(nián)，國家文物局與北京市人民政府分别正式批複《北京市朝陽區元大都城垣遺址公園規劃》，作為(wèi)圓明園遺址保護和(hé)利用的(de)重要依據。2010年(nián)10月9日，北京市朝陽區元大都城垣遺址公園被國家文物局公布為(wèi)全國首批國家考古遺址公園之一(yī)。2020年(nián)1月7日，北京市海澱區圓明園景區成為(wèi)國家5A級旅遊景區；同年(nián)12月1日，國家文物局将圓明園馬首銅像正式劃撥圓明園管理(lǐ)處，這是海外圓明園流散文物的(de)首次回歸。
Following the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Party and the Chinese government took various measures to protect and preserve the ruins of Yuanmingyuan. In 1956, landscape work was conducted, and in 1976, Yuanmingyuan Management Office started to take protective measures and pressed ahead with conservation projects on a large scale. In January 1988, the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park was included into the third batch of Major National Cultural Heritage Sites and open to public on June 29 the same year. In June 1997, the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China listed the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park as one of the first batch of National Patriotism Education Bases. In 2000 and 2001, the National Administration of Cultural Heritage and Beijing People's Government approved the Plan for the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park and recognized it as an important guidance for further protection and utilization. On October 9, 2010, the National Administration of Cultural Heritage listed the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park as one of the first batch of National Archaeological Ruins Parks. On January 7, 2020, the Yuanmingyuan park at Haidian District, Beijing became an AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China. On December 1 the same year, the National Administration of Cultural Heritage instructed the Yuanmingyuan Management Office to take custody of the bronze horse head once looted from Yuanmingyuan. This was also the first time that a displaced cultural artifact in Yuanmingyuan was recovered.
